Exercise-induced anti-inflammatory metabolism and its benefits against chronic non-communicable diseases, overweight and obesity

Abstract

In the current context, chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for approximately 75 % of annual global deaths, and their close relationship with overweight and obesity imposes an urgent need to prioritise molecular-based non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies. Obesity transcends its traditional conceptualization, constituting a low-grade systemic chronic inflammatory state that predisposes and accelerates the progression of multiple NCDs. Adipose tissue, acting as a dysfunctional endocrine organ under conditions of excess fat, secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines (such as leptin and resistin) and reduces anti-inflammatory adipokines (such as adiponectin), perpetuating a microenvironment that promotes the infiltration of macrophages (pro-inflammatory M1)